This study analyzed the changes in Japan’s seafood supply and demand structure and consumption behavior, reviewed the current status of Korean seafood in the Japanese market, and proposed strategic directions for Korea’s future exports. Japan was once the world’s largest importer of seafood, but both domestic production and consumption have continued to decline due to population aging, a weakening fisheries production base, and the expanding consumption of meat. Nevertheless, Japan remains the world’s third-largest seafood importer and continues to be a major export destination for Korea. Korean seafood has a competitive advantage in various products-including tuna, halibut, abalone, oysters, and laver-supported by geographical proximity, logistics efficiency, and strong product quality. However, the shrinking Japanese market, stricter hygiene and safety requirements, and intensifying competition from China, Taiwan, and other suppliers present structural challenges. Therefore, Korea needs to pursue qualitative transformation and sustainable export growth by diversifying export items, strengthening quality and hygiene management, enhancing processing and branding, and establishing a more effective government – industry cooperation framework.